Hard Evidence: how does false information spread online?

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If a provocative headline drew your attention, read a little further before you decide to pass along the shocking information. Whereas a book found in a library generally has been reviewed and edited, Internet sources do not have the same filter. Graphic showing differences between unintentional misinformation, , and , presented for 2015 Misinformation is or incorrect that is spread intentionally or unintentionally i.

By the end of the experiment, 84 percent were believers despite having read misinformation during the study. Initiatives such as the offer important insights and guidelines about how to deal with different types of false information. This article by Farida Vis originally appeared at , a Social Science Space partner site, under the title Now some news organizations are instead placing higher value on being right even if that means not being first in reporting a story.

The psychology of false information

Sometimes a lie is better than the truth. As a journalist, the Truth is my ultimate boss, constantly wagging its finger at me, reminding me to stay on track. Back in November, someone started a rumor that Drake had died what is false information a car accident. Three Boob Girl The there was the infamous Three Boob Girl, Jasmine Tridevil. It would be awesome if this one were true, but it turned out the woman who allegedly got a third breast implant was totally faking it. And while that might be true in some ways, the article was total bull — about as far from The Truth as you can get. If life were a parade, The Truth would be the guy watching it, with an average-sized house, a car payment and a few kids. The lies would be the performers in their sparkly sequined costumes, gyrating to loud music. Lies have that element of surprise, glitz and flashiness that make the internet their playground. Think of that as the first spark. It might be something they saw with their own eyes that they think everyone should know. Or it might be a lie cooked up by some malcontent or a bored sad sop with an what is false information imagination. Or they might just get it plain wrong. Take this 2012 Tweet about the flooding of the New York Stock exchange. But how does one tweet turn into viral fake news. Right now some underpaid, overworked writer is sitting in their shitty office somewhere with a half-finished cup of coffee. Jack has rent to pay and a 5 p. That something should be fresh and unbelievable. In the old days, he would have been sent out from his newspaper office to verify the facts. He would have known the fire captain at the station near the New York Stock Exchange, called him up and asked him if the rumors were true. So Jack does a little fact checking — maybe too little. When it comes down to it, journalism is entertainment. So Jack, with his deadline approaching and pressure mounting to be first, to say something new — he goes for it. Jack is getting a ton of attention. This might be the best day of his career. Soon, the lie, if it is a lie, is repeated so many times that it seems unquestionably true. Until someone breaks it to Jack: there was no flooding on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange. Politicians do it too — a lot. In this case, journalists are usually the only ones who can be relied upon to catch them. Look at this graph created by the website that appeared in the New York Times: I was shocked to find that more than a quarter of what President Barack Obama says is false. Things are even more bleak on the what is false information side of the spectrum. But, as journalist Angie Drobnic Holan pointed out in a New York Times opinion piece, that statement was debunked by journalists. They pointed out the obvious: if what Trump said was true, that video would have surfaced online. With all the vitriol being aimed at Muslims, these kinds of lies put real people at risk of mistreatment and hate crimes. The site was founded in 1995 by a California-based couple with an obsession for folklore and rumors, Barbara and David Mikkelson. I spent a little time looking through their archives, and discovered some of the bigger myths that have been perpetrated. When she was stopped at the door, she took off running, but had to stop when the scuffle caused the dough packaging to pop open, stopping her in her tracks. No wonder some people believed the story. Look at this image, you literally have a button that allows you to highlight the facts. So far, 21 toddlers shot or killed themselves or others, while 19 Americans have died at the hands of terrorists. People are misquoted all the time, fake journalists make shit up, and satire is taken seriously.

Manning; Herbert Romerstein 2004 , Disinformation, Historical Dictionary of American Propaganda, Greenwood, pp. Another tell-tale sign of a fake story is often the byline. Twitter has said that it has found 36,000 Russian bots spreading tweets related to the 2016 American election. Conformism The conformist expresses the views of one's environment, whether the conformist believes in them or not. Readers cannot be but cannot be that all is incorrect. In the controversial Casey Anthony case in July 2011 she was found not guilty, but still punished for lying to police with a year in jail for each of the four counts. From this point on, disinformation became a tactic used in the Soviet political warfare called. So Jack, with his deadline approaching and pressure mounting to be first, to say something new — he goes for it. Governments, political parties, organizations in industry, ideology, charity, media and so on.